Rubus idaeus 

'European Raspberry'

[Ex. Co. Durham, England]

Rosaceae: an upright perennial with biennial, arching stems that bear weak thorns, the flowers are about 1cm across, with 5 white petals; in clusters, blooming from June to August, the fruits are red and very tasty, but smaller than the cultivated raspberry’s. Widespread and fairly common throughout the UK. Native to Europe, including Britain, from Iceland south and east to Spain and temperate Asia.

USES:

The fruit can be eaten raw or cooked, and delicious when simply eaten out of hand, the fruit is also used in pies, preserves etc., the young shoots can be peeled and eaten raw or cooked like asparagus, also a refreshing herbal tea can be made from the dried leaves.

The leaves and roots have anti-inflammatory, astringent, decongestant, ophthalmic, oxytocic and stimulant properties.  A tea made from them is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, as a tonic for the uterus to strengthen pregnant women, and as an aid in childbirth, the tea has also been shown as effective in relieving painful menstrual cramps, the active ingredients both stimulate and relax the uterus. Externally, the leaves and roots are used as a gargle to treat tonsillitis and mouth inflammations, as a poultice and wash to treat sores, conjunctivitis, minor wounds, burns and varicose ulcers. The leaves are harvested in the summer and dried for later use, the fruit is antiscorbutic and diuretic. Fresh raspberry juice, mixed with a little honey, makes an excellent refrigerant beverage to be taken in the heat of a fever. Made into a syrup, it is said to have a beneficial effect on the heart.

GROWING INFORMATION:

European raspberry seeds have a deep dormancy within them, this requires a degree of patience to overcome and it is usually quite easy to get high levels of germination if the correct procedures are followed.

First prepare a free draining substrate into which the seeds are to be mixed, this can be a 50/50 mixture of compost and sharp sand, or perlite, vermiculite. The chosen substrate needs to be moist (but not wet), if you can squeeze water out of it with your hand it is too wet and your seeds may drown and die. Mix the seeds into the substrate, making sure that there is enough volume of material to keep the seeds separated. Place the seed mixture into a clear plastic bag (freezer bags, especially zip-lock bags are very useful for this -provided a little gap is left in the seal for air exchange) If it is not a zip-lock type bag it needs to be loosely tied. Then write the date on the bag so that you know when the pre-treatment was started.

The seeds first require a period of warm pre-treatment and need to be kept in temperatures of 20°C for a period of 10 weeks. During this time make sure that the pre-treatment medium does not dry out at any stage or it will be ineffective!

Next the seeds require a cold period to break the final part of the dormancy, this is easily achieved by placing the bag in the fridge at 4°C for at least 12 weeks. It is quite possible for the seeds to germinate in the bag at these temperatures when they are ready to do so, if they do, just remove them from the bag and carefully plant them up. When the period of pre-treatment has finished the seed should be ready to be planted. Small quantities can be sown in pots or seed trays filled with a good quality compost and cover them with a thin layer of compost no more than 1cm deep. For larger quantities it is easiest to sow the seeds in a well prepared seedbed outdoors once the warm and cold pre-treatments have finished and wait for the seedlings to appear.

It has also been found that fluctuating pre-treatment temperatures can give the best germination results and I have myself had excellent results by keeping the mixed seeds in a cold shed through the winter for the cold stage of their pre-treatment and allowing the temperature to fluctuate naturally. Ungerminated seeds can have the whole warm and cold process repeated again to enable more seeds to germinate. Fresh seedlings can keep germinating for up to 5 years after the original sowing date.

Do not expose newly sown seeds to high temperatures (above 25 °C). Keep the seedlings well-watered and weed free. Growth in the first year is usually between 20 and 40cm depending on the time of germination and cultural techniques and developing seedlings are usually trouble free. Growth from the second year onwards will be much stronger -possibly several meters in length. Cut back excessive growth to make replanting easier and to make plant establishment quicker. Allow them to grow for 2 years before planting them in a permanent position.

Easily grown in a moisture retentive but well-drained loamy soil of at least moderate quality.

HARVESTED:

 

APPROX. 200+ SEEDS